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Government Jobs In India can be divided mainly in four categories. These include - 

• Central government Jobs: Central Government Jobs Means Jobs Directly Under the Various Ministries & Departments of Government of India. These include but not limited to Jobs in Indian Defence Ministry (Including jobs in India Army, Navy, Air Force etc.), Jobs in Indian Finance Ministry (including jobs in departments such as Income Tax Department, Customs etc, Central Excise), Jobs in Indian Home Ministry (including jobs in CISF, BSF, ITBP, CRPF, SSB, IB etc.) .  
• Central Government Funded / Operated Organisations: This category includes jobs in various organisations which are either wholly owned by the Government of India or where the Government of India is a major share holder. These includes jobs in various banks (such as SBI, PNB, BoB etc), LIC, GIC, Various PSUs (Such as GAIL, BHEL, SAIL, NTPC, Coal India). 
• State Government Jobs: Government Jobs Directly in Various State Government Departments and Ministries Are Included In this Category. For Example Jobs in State Finance Department, State Police Department, State Revenue Department etc.
• State Government Funded / Operated Organisations: State Governments also operate / own various Companies / Institutes such as electricity companies in different states etc. Jobs in these organisations falls within this category. 

For Hiring Candidates in Central Government, UPSC and SSC are the major agencies. UPSC Hires candidates for Various Officer Cadre Posts (Mainly Group A and Group B Gazetted) while SSC is responsible for recruiting candidates to the subordinate level  posts (such as Inspectors, Assistants, Clerks, DEOs, MTS etc)

For Recruiting Candidates in various Public Sector Banks, IBPS plays the major role which conducts popular exams such as IBPS PO, IBPS Clerk, IBPS SO etc through which it recruits both officer & clerical cadre positions in Public Sector Banks. 

Some banks & Financial Institutes conducts their own exam such as SBI, RBI, LIC, ECGC, SEBI, NABARD etc. 

Public Sector Undertakings such as GAIL, BHEL, SAIL, NTPC etc and Indian Railway also conducts their own recruitment exams and they have full autonomy in deciding the selection process. 

Most of the states also have similar recruitment pattern where State Governments have their own State Public Service Commission / State Staff Selection Commission and State PSUs conduct their own recruitment exams. 

Further the Government of India has also announced that it will create a new agency which will be known as the National Recruitment Agency (NRA). It will conduct the preliminary test for SSC, IBPS, Railway etc. However the main examinations will be conducted by the respective agencies. Some of the State Governments have also announced that they will recruit candidates through NRA CET Exam.